Indlela yokuyila ngokufanelekileyo umthamo womthamo wezikhululo ze-photovoltaic

Ngokukhula kwemfuno yehlabathi yamandla ahlaziyekayo, iteknoloji yokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic iye yaphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza. Njengomthwali ophambili weteknoloji yokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic, ingqiqo yoyilo lwesikhululo samandla se-photovoltaic sichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kakuhle kokuveliswa kwamandla, ukuzinza komsebenzi kunye neenzuzo zezoqoqosho zesikhululo samandla. Phakathi kwabo, ubungakanani bomthamo, njengeparameter ephambili ekuyilweni kwesikhululo samandla e-photovoltaic, sinempembelelo ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni ngokubanzi kwesikhululo samandla. Injongo yeli phepha kukuxoxa ngendlela yokuyila ngokwengqiqo ubungakanani bomthamo wesikhululo samandla ephotovoltaic ukuphucula ukuveliswa kombane kunye noqoqosho.

01 Isishwankathelo somlinganiselo wesikhululo se-photovoltaic
Ubungakanani bomthamo wesikhululo se-photovoltaic sibhekisela kumlinganiselo womthamo ofakwe kwiimodyuli ze-photovoltaic kumthamo wezixhobo ze-inverter.
Ngenxa yokungazinzi kokuveliswa kwamandla e-photovoltaic kunye nesizathu sokuba ichaphazeleke kakhulu ngokusingqongileyo, umlinganiselo womthamo wezikhululo ze-photovoltaic ngokulula ngokomthamo ofakelweyo weemodyuli ze-photovoltaic 1: uqwalaselo lwe-1 luya kubangela inkunkuma ye-photovoltaic inverter umthamo, ngoko ke inkqubo ye-photovoltaic ukuveliswa kwamandla okusebenza kuphuculwe phantsi kwesiseko sokusebenza okuzinzile kwenkqubo ye-photovoltaic, uyilo lobungakanani bomthamo ofanelekileyo kufuneka ube mkhulu kune-1: 1. Uyilo lobungakanani bomthamo wengqiqo alukwazi nje ukwandisa amandla ombane, kodwa kunye nokulungelelanisa kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokukhanyisa kunye nokujongana nokulahlekelwa kwenkqubo ethile.

02 Imiba ephambili enempembelelo yobungakanani bomthamo
Uyilo lobungakanani bomthamo olufanelekileyo kufuneka luqwalaselwe ngokubanzi ngokwemeko yeprojekthi ethile. Izinto ezichaphazela ubungakanani bomthamo ziquka ukuthotywa kwecandelo, ukulahleka kwenkqubo, i-irradiance, ukufakwa kwecandelo I-Angle, njl njl. Uhlalutyo oluthile lulolu hlobo lulandelayo.

1. Ukuthotywa kwecandelo
Kwimeko yokubola okuqhelekileyo kokuguga, ukuthotywa konyaka wokuqala wecandelo langoku malunga ne-1%, ukunyanzeliswa kwecandelo emva komnyaka wesibini kuya kubonisa ukuguqulwa komgca, kwaye izinga lokunciphisa iminyaka engama-30 li malunga ne-13%, oko kukuthi, umthamo wonyaka wokuvelisa wecandelo uyancipha, kwaye umbane olinganisiweyo awukwazi ukugcinwa ngokuqhubekayo, ngoko ke uyilo lomlinganiselo we-photovoltaic umthamo kufuneka luthathele ingqalelo ukuthotywa kwecandelo ngexesha lokujikeleza ubomi besikhululo samandla. . Ukwandisa ukuveliswa kwamandla kwamacandelo ahambelanayo kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo.

I-30-year linear linear attenuation curve yeemodyuli ze-photovoltaic

2. Ilahleko yenkqubo
Kwinkqubo ye-photovoltaic, kukho ilahleko ezahlukahlukeneyo phakathi kwemodyuli ye-photovoltaic kunye ne-inverter output, kubandakanywa uchungechunge lwemodyuli kunye ne-parallel kunye nokulahlekelwa kothuli lwebhloko, ukulahleka kwentambo ye-DC, ilahleko ye-photovoltaic inverter, njl., Ukulahleka kwekhonkco nganye kuya kuchaphazela umphumo wangempela amandla e-photovoltaic power plant inverter.

Ingxelo yePVsyst PV yeplanti yokulinganisa amandla

Njengoko kuboniswe kumzobo, ukucwangciswa kwangempela kunye nokulahlekelwa kwe-occlusion yeprojekthi inokulinganiswa yi-PVsyst kwisicelo seprojekthi; Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, ukulahleka kwe-DC yenkqubo ye-photovoltaic malunga ne-7-12%, ukulahlekelwa kwe-inverter malunga ne-1-2%, kwaye ilahleko iyonke malunga ne-8-13%. Ngoko ke, kukho ukuphambuka kwelahleko phakathi komthamo ofakiweyo weemodyuli ze-photovoltaic kunye nedatha yangempela yokuvelisa amandla. Ukuba umthamo wofakelo wecandelo ukhethwe ngokwe-1: 1 umthamo we-inverter ye-photovoltaic, owona mthamo uphezulu wemveliso we-inverter kuphela malunga ne-90% yomthamo olinganisiweyo we-inverter, nangona xa ukukhanya kulungile, i-inverter ayilayishwanga ngokupheleleyo, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-inverter kunye nenkqubo.

3. I-irradiance iyahluka kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo
Icandelo linokufikelela kuphela kwimveliso yamandla elinganisiweyo phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza ze-STC (iimeko zokusebenza ze-STC: Ukukhanya kokukhanya yi-1000W/m², ubushushu bebhetri yi-25°C, kunye nomgangatho we-atmospheric yi-1.5), ukuba iimeko zokusebenza azifikeleli Iimeko ze-STC, amandla okuphuma kwemodyuli ye-photovoltaic ngokuqinisekileyo ingaphantsi kumandla ayo alinganisiweyo, kwaye ukuhanjiswa kwexesha lokukhanya kwemithombo ngaphakathi kwemini akunakukwazi ukuhlangabezana neemeko ze-STC, ngokukodwa ngenxa yokuba umehluko phakathi kwe-irradiance yokuqala, ephakathi kunye neyokugqibela kunye nobushushu. inkulu; Ngexesha elifanayo, i-irradiance kunye nokusingqongileyo kwemimandla eyahlukeneyo ineempembelelo ezahlukeneyo kumbane wokuvelisa iimodyuli ze-photovoltaic, ngoko ke iprojekthi yokuqala kufuneka iqonde idatha yomthombo wokukhanya wendawo ngokwengingqi ethile, kwaye iqhube ukubala kwedatha.

Ngokwemigangatho yokuhlelwa kweZiko loVavanyo loMoya kunye neSolar Energy Evaluation yeNkonzo yeMozulu yeSizwe, idatha ethile ye-irradiance kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo inokufundwa, kwaye i-radiation ye-radiation yonyaka yelanga ihlukaniswe ngamabakala amane:

Ukuhlelwa kwemitha yelanga iyonke ngonyaka iradiance

Ke ngoko, nakummandla wovimba ofanayo, kukho umahluko omkhulu kumthamo wemitha unyaka wonke. Kuthetha ukuba ulungelelwaniso lwenkqubo efanayo, oko kukuthi, umlinganiselo womthamo ofanayo phantsi kokuveliswa kwamandla akufani. Ukuze kuphunyezwe ukuveliswa kwamandla afanayo, kunokufezekiswa ngokuguqula umthamo womthamo.

4. Ufakelo lwecandelo iAngle
Kuya kuba neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zephahla kwiprojekthi efanayo yesikhululo samandla se-photovoltaic yomsebenzisi, kunye nee-angles zoyilo lwamacandelo ahlukeneyo ziya kubandakanyeka ngokweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zephahla, kwaye i-irradiance efunyenwe ngamacandelo ahambelana nayo iya kuba yinto eyahlukileyo. Ngokomzekelo, kukho uphahla lwentsimbi yensimbi enemibala kunye nophahla lwekhonkrithi kwiprojekthi yezoshishino kunye nezorhwebo kwiPhondo laseZhejiang, kunye ne-design inclination angles yi-3 ° kunye ne-18 ° ngokulandelanayo. Idatha ye-irradiation yenqwelomoya ethambekele efaniswe yi-PV yee-angles zokuthambekela ezahlukeneyo iboniswe kumzobo ongezantsi. Ingabonwa ukuba i-irradiance efunyenwe ngamacandelo afakwe kwii-angles ezahlukeneyo iyahluka. Ukuba uphahla olusasazwayo luninzi lwethayile, amandla aphumayo amacandelo anamandla afanayo aphantsi kunalawo ane-Angle yokuthambekela ethile.

3° tilt Iengile iyonke imitha yemitha

18° tilt Iengile iyonke imitha yemitha

03 Umthamo wemibono yoyilo loyilo
Ngokolu hlalutyo lungentla, uyilo lobungakanani bomthamo kukuphucula inzuzo iyonke yesikhululo samandla ngokulungelelanisa umthamo wofikelelo we-DC we-inverter. Okwangoku, iindlela zoqwalaselo lobungakanani bomthamo zahlulwe ikakhulu zibe yimbuyekezo yokuthelekisa kunye nokudibanisa okusebenzayo.

1. Buyekeza ukudityaniswa
Ukugqithiswa kwembuyekezo kuthetha ukuba ngokulungelelanisa umlinganiselo wevolumu, i-inverter inokufikelela kwimveliso epheleleyo yomthwalo xa ukukhanya kulungile. Le ndlela ithatha ingqalelo kuphela ilahleko inxalenye kwinkqubo photovoltaic, ngokunyusa umthamo wecandelo (njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso ongezantsi), unokuhlawula inkqubo yokulahlekelwa kwamandla kwinkqubo yokudlulisa, ukwenzela ukuba inverter kusetyenziso lwangempela. yesiphumo esipheleleyo sesiphumo somthwalo, kwaye akukho lahleko yokunqunqa.

Imbuyekezo overmatch idayagram

2. Ukuthelekisa okusebenzayo
Ukugqithiswa okusebenzayo kukuqhubela phambili ukwandisa umthamo weemodyuli ze-photovoltaic ngesiseko sokuhlawula imbuyekezo (njengoko kuboniswe kumzobo ongezantsi). Le ndlela ayiqwalaselanga kuphela ilahleko yenkqubo, kodwa iqwalasela ngokubanzi iindleko zotyalo-mali kunye nengeniso kunye nezinye izinto. Injongo kukunciphisa i-avareji yeendleko zamandla (LCOE) zesixokelelwano ngokwandisa ngokusebenzayo ixesha elipheleleyo le-inverter yokusebenza, ukufumana ibhalansi phakathi kweendleko zegalelo ezandisiweyo kunye nengeniso yokuvelisa amandla enkqubo. Nangona kwimeko yokukhanya okungahambi kakuhle, i-inverter inomsebenzi ogcweleyo womthwalo, ngaloo ndlela yandisa ixesha elipheleleyo lokusebenza umthwalo; Nangona kunjalo, elona jiko lokuvelisa amandla enkqubo liya kubonakala isenzeko "sokunqunyulwa kwencopho" njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso, kwaye amaxesha athile akwimeko yokusebenza yesizukulwana esinyiniweyo. Nangona kunjalo, phantsi komlinganiselo ofanelekileyo womthamo, i-LCOE yenkqubo yonke iyona nto iphantsi, oko kukuthi, inzuzo iyanda.

Idayagramu ehambelanayo esebenzayo

Njengoko kubonisiwe kulo mzobo ungezantsi, i-LCOE iyaqhubeka nokuhla ngokunyuka komlinganiselo womthamo. Kwi-compensatory excess ratio point, i-LCOE yenkqubo ayifikeleli kwelona xabiso liphantsi. Xa umlinganiselo womthamo wongezwa ngakumbi ukuya kwindawo esebenzayo, i-LCOE yenkqubo ifikelela kwelona xabiso liphantsi, kwaye i-LCOE iya kwanda emva kokuba umlinganiselo womthamo unyuke ngakumbi. Ke ngoko, indawo esebenzayo yokuthelekisa inqanaba lobungakanani obufanelekileyo benkqubo.

LOCE / umthamo ratio diagram

Kwi-inverters, indlela yokuhlangabezana ne-LCOE encinci yenkqubo ifuna isakhono esaneleyo se-DC side overallocation ukuphumeza, kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezineemeko ezimbi zokukhanya kwemitha, iskim esiphezulu esisebenzayo se-ovarolocation siyafuneka ukwandisa ixesha lemveliso elilinganisiweyo le-inverter kunye ukwandisa ukucuthwa kweLCOE yenkqubo.

04 Izigqibo kunye neeNgcebiso
Isishwankathelo, i-overlocation yembuyekezo kunye nezikimu ezisebenzayo ze-overlocation ziyindlela efanelekileyo yokuphucula ukusebenza kweenkqubo ze-photovoltaic, kodwa nganye igxininise. Ukugqithiswa kwembuyekezo ikakhulu kugxile kwimbuyekezo yelahleko yenkqubo, ngelixa ukugqithisela okusebenzayo kunika ingqalelo ngakumbi ekufumaneni ukulingana phakathi kokunyuswa kwegalelo kunye nokuphucula ingeniso. Ngoko ke, kwiprojekthi yokwenyani, kucetyiswa ukuba ukhethe ngokubanzi isikimu sokucwangciswa komlinganiselo womthamo ofanelekileyo ngokweemfuno zeprojekthi.