Nangiphi indlela yokubuya ukufunda ukuba uqondile ngokuphumelelwe impahla yomndeni wephotovoltaic

Ngokubhala kakhulu lokusebenza ngemvelo, umthetho wosiselelwano sokuqhubeka ngephakathi wesibayiweyo usetyenziswa phakathi komsebenzi wesibayiweyo esisiselewini. Ngokwesiphathiso sokusetyenziswa kwezilondolozi zesibayiweyo, uhlobo lomsebenzi lwesibayiweyo lesisiselewini luhlanganisa okungcono kunye nokuphumelela kwezinye izinto ezinikezayo kumthetho wesibayiweyo. Kwiminyaka yabo, i-ratio yesibayiweyo, njengokusho olulandelayo lokusetyenziswa kwezilondolozi zesibayiweyo, ulandelana ngendlela yokuhlola kokuthi uhlangothi lwesibayiweyo lwaphumelela ngokukholelwa. Isipopo sesithomo siyenza ukubuka ukuba zikhutshwe indlela yokusetshenziswa kwe-ratio yesibayiweyo ukuvumela ukuphumelela kwesiselelwano kunye nokugcina okanye.

01 Umsowu wesibayiweyo sesibayiweyo
Umsowu wesibayiweyo sesibayiweyo ube ngokusho lolunye kwezindlela zokusetshenziswa kwezilondolozi zesibayiweyo kunye ne-inverter equipment.
Ngokuqinisekileyo kwezicwangciso ezidingekayo kwe-photovoltaic ngokuthi zihlukele ngenqanawe yokuphuhlwa, kunye nokuba zikhuphele ngendlela eneneni yezinto ezinikezayo, ukubuyisela kwesayithi lesi-photovoltaic ngokwesayithi lesi-photovoltaic lokusetyenziswa ngokulandelana ne-1:1 kuzobheka ukungakhotholiwe imisha yesayithi lesi-photovoltaic, futhi ngokufanelekileyo yokusebenza kwe-sayithi lesi-photovoltaic, ubuncinci bomgca wobucingo beliphatha kwenqanawe lokusetyenziswa kubuya kuqala kwi-1:1. Ukubuyisela kwe-nqanawe elincinci lomgca olunqinisekileyo akuxhasa kuphela ukukhupha umoya omkhulu, kodwa akufuneka alungiselele amandla amahlukileyo kunye nokugcwalisa izinto ezinikezayo kunye nokukholelwa kwezinto ezinethemba.

02 Izinqumo ezinhleziweyo zombucingo
Ubuncinci bomgca olunqinisekileyo kufuneka akubuyekeze ngokuphambili ngokuba ngamandla yakwesimo osebenzayo. Izinqumo ezinakumncinci bomgca zifuna ukubuyisela komphilo wekomponyenti, izilose lesisistemu, ukuhlupheka kwezindabuko, umbono wesayithi, kunye nokuphinda ukusetyenziswa komphilo, njengoba kubizwa ngokubanzi.

1. Ukuphohlwa komphilo
Kwiqhagambo lezinto zokugcinwa nokulandelela, ukuhlawula lwesibini esikhatsi sokuqala sokuphela kweentsha yomphahla ngu-%1, ukuhlawula wesikhashana sesithathu kufuneka lisebenze ngokubheka okukhethwe, kunye nokuhlawula elandelwayo yesi30 amashumi angu-%13, yeyiphi inani leliyindlela lokuhlola ngemvume, kunye nokuthi ukusetyenziswa kwemfanele wakwamaphahla akuzange aluhlaziyiwe ngendawo yokuba kakhulu, ngakho ke, isiqhelo somphahla weefayile ezintsha kufuneka liqhubele ukubalulekiswa komphahla wokuhlawula ngonyaka zonke ezintsha. Ukucacisa kokuba kulandelwe umphahla wakwamaphahla kufuneka aqhubele ukusetshenziswa kwezi zinto.

umbono wesithathu esikhatsi lesi30 weempahla yeefayile

2. Umgquko wosistimu
Kwiqhuro lwe-phodovoltaic, kunezinyathelo ezininzi phesheya kwiqhakamiso le-phodovoltaic nge-inverter ngokwesikhatsi, ubuchaphazane bokugcina nokuthula kwemibhokisi, uchaphazane wemayili we-DC, uchaphazane we-phodovoltaic inverter, ngesinye isinyathelo sezichaphazane zokugcina zizoba ukubafile umnotho wokuqhubeka wesikhwama sesiphakeme se-phodovoltaic inverter.

Umvume we-simulation yesiqhakamiso se-phodovoltaic PVsyst

Kwiqhobo elibizwayo, ukusimula nokubhujwa ngokwesonto kwezinto ezinhlanganekayo kunjalo kanye nokubhujwa ngokwesonto kweprojekthi akuyaziwa ngaphandle kwePVsyst kwiqhobo leli lishayela; Ngokulandelayo, uhlangothi lodade lokwenziwa kwephhotovoltaic uhluke phakathi kwe-7-12%, uhlangothi lwesiqinisekisi luhluke phakathi kwe-1-2%, kunye nesikhombiselo sotyalo esikhulu siphakathi kwe-8-13%. Ngoko ke, kuneenkcukacha zokugcwalisa phakathi kokufakwa kokufundiswa kweephhotovoltaic komponyenti kunye neendaba zakufundiswa ezenzakaliso. Ukuba isifundo sokufundiswa somponyenti sikhethe ngokuthi ngoku-1:1 usifundo sokufundiswa wophhotovoltaic sisinqinisekisi, umngcele wosinqinisekisi wagcina umsindo omaxwebhu omkhulu okufundiswa yomponyenti phakathi kwe-90% yokushintswa olunxibelelwe yesinqinisekisi, futhi ngokushesha lokungabhedluleka, isinqinisekisi asikwenzanga ngaphandle kokuphuhlwa, uzihlobene nokugcwaliswa kwelethi.

3. Ukuncedwa kwamandla kuhluke ngemvini emidveni
Iphakamandi yiya kumthetho omkhulu wesithathu esikwenene (STC operating conditions: Umlilo umncume ku-1000W/m², umtemperethi wesebe yini ku-25°C, kunye nezinto ezidingekayo zomsebenzi womnye wehlathi ngu-1.5), ukuba amandla apho asebenze ayifuneki akhawulezi i-STC imiswe, uqhutywa lwesibhedlela sesempendulo siphakamandi sisahlukileyo ngaphandle komthetho wesithathu, kunye nokugqibela okanye ukufakelwa kwemvume kwehlathi ngonyaka enguqukumbeni akakhawulanga ngenxa yokuba kukhona isiphumo esingabonakali njengokubambekileyo kwehlathi kunye nomtemperethi; Ngokuqinisekisa, uqhutywa lwehlathi kunye nemveliso wenqanawa ehlukileyo kwiindlela eziningi ezikhona ibizwa ngokusho lokuhlukana kuhluke kwehlathi kunye nokuthatha, bayenza uphawu olungaphezu kwehlathi lesimpendulo sokuphawula, ndawonina iprojekthi yesilishiyi siyazi idatha yesintsha lokusebenza ngokwesigaba esidingekayo, kunye nokusebenzela kweziphumo ezidingekayo.

Ngokuthi kwiindawo zokubaluleka ephakamisekileyo yomsebenzi wesintathu nesithandi somoya wokusondela, iziphumo esiphezulu sokuxhasa kwizikhatsi ezidingekayo kwiindlela eziningi ezifanekiso, kunye nokuxhasa okusukela kwezinyanga ezimbili ngasinye inani lapho ilandelayo lihlukele kwezine:

Ukubaluleka kokuxhasa okusukela kwezinyanga

Kwandle, futhi ngaphandle komkhakha wamanqaku ongqondo lokhu, kuneengxenye ezininzi zokuxhasa ngonyaka. Yinkazana yokuba iisisthembi sezilandelwa zinjalo, yinto eyenzeka ukuba ngenani elilandelayo lwesibonelo lwesintathu lisodwa ngendawo yokugcina. Ukusebenza isingabo esodwa, sifuna ukuba sihlale kumva kokufika kwezinsuku.

indawo yokulayisha komphanxo
Kwiqhathaniso elishona, izicatulo zikhululeko ezidingekayo ezibonakalisi eziphakamisileyo kuzobenziwa ngokushesha lokusebenza emfene wephophoto voltaic, bese zizihlabelethi ezidingekayo ezizihlanganiswa nge-angles ezidingekayo ngokuba kwiqhathaniso lwezincatulo, kunye nokuba umoya wokuvala olufumanekayo nguqukuze luchasene nge-angles ezidingekayo ezinethemba. Ngokuvamile, akukho amaxwebhu omkhulu wecoloured steel tile roofs kunye ne-concrete roofs kwiqhathaniso lemfene lephophoto voltaic lesityalo esingaphambili kwiiZhejiang, kunye ne-design inclination angles ezithathelwayo ngokubanzi ngu-3° kunye ne-18°. I-data yokuvala yokusimula yezilimi ezidingekayo ezifumanekayo kwiqhathaniso lwe-PV kulandelayo. Kungabonakali ukuba umoya wokuvala olufumanekayo nguqukuze luchasene nge-angles ezidingekayo ezifumanekayo ngokuba iqukuze luchasene nge-angles ezidingekayo ezifumanekayo ngokuba iqukuze luchasene nge-angles ezidingekayo ezifumanekayo. Ukuba i-roof idistributhi ingaphambili yamatyala, i-output energy yeziqukuze ezidingekayo ezinethemba ezinethemba zikuya kuqedwa ngaphezulu kokuba zeziqukuze ezidingekayo ezinethemba ezinethemba.

ukulungiselela komoya owahlukeleyo ngu-3°

ukulungiselela komoya owahlukeleyo ngu-18°

ideya ye-03 yesilinganiso sesikwekwe
Ngokubhaliweyo kwezilungiselelo ezilandelayo, uqukuqulwa lwezinhlobo zicala kukho kusetyenziswa ngokushintsha umsindo wesayithi wendawo yokuhlola ukuba uhlale kwiqhathelo lwesayithi. Ngoku, izindlela zokusetshenziswa kwesayithi zicala zizihlukile ngokwesayithi sokushintsha nokushintsha okanye.

1. Ukushintsha okanye
Ukushintsha okanye kunika imfanelo yokuba ngenqanawa yezinto, i-inverter ingakwazi ukuyibuyeleka emasimini apho ilanga libhebhu. Leli ncedo alibi leliyinto lokuhlola phakathi kwezi zinto zophandle kwindawo yokuhlola sayithi, ngokufaka isayithi esikhulu (njengezantsi), akhiwo amandla wephrogesi kwindawo yokugcina ukuphela, ukuba i-inverter iyiphindeleyo yamanje ngaphandle kokubhalekiswayo.

Imphumela yokuqinisekisa

2. Ukushintsha ngokunye
Ukusebenza kwisebe oluninzi kuloo mva yinto yokuhlala ukuya kuqhubeka isandla sesiqembu lwe-photovoltaic ngaphandle kokuhlala ukuya kuvumela overmatching (njengokubonakali okugcini nge-ndawo). Leli ngenxa ayiphikisana nesintuthuko esisekhaya, kodwa aphoqelela ngokupheleleyo ngokulandelana nothelelo lokuziphatha nokuncedisiweyo kunye nomsebenzi. Ukufakwa kwesiphiwo lesi sicwangciso sikhona ukuba kuhlukele intloko yesayithi sokusetyenziswa kweesi sicwangciso (LCOE) ngokuyibuyekezo lokusebenza kwisebe lomphilo wokuqala, ukukhetha umthombo phakathi komthelelo olungazange luhlale kakhulu lokulandelayo nokulandelayo olungazange luhlale kakhulu lokusebenza kwisebe. Ngokushesha engavunyelwe imigca, inqwaba yakusebenza akwazi ukusetshenziswa ngokuphumeleleyo, njengoko kuhlukele intloko yesayithi yokusebenza; Kancinci, umbono wesayithi wesentlaleni uzoba uhlale ngokubanzi "ukucutshwayiswa kweendlela" njengokubonakali, kunye nokuthi ziziphi thitha zihlala ngokusebenzisa ukusetshenziswa ngokuphumeleleyo. Kodwa, ngokwesilondolozi somncedisiweyo, i-LCOE yesayithi yamanye amaxesha yiyingqanawa elincinci, yinto enze ukuba kuhlanganise izidingo.

Ubhango lwesayithi soluninzi

Kwiqhobo elizityelwe ngaphambi, i-LCOE iyacabanga ngokubanzi kwiqhosha lwendawo. Kuphakathi komphendulo wokuwazisa, i-LCOE yesistimu ayifunyanwa ingxelo yezinto ezindala. Uma iqhosha lendawo liqhubi kakhulu kwi-phakethi wombuzo womphendulo, i-LCOE yesistimu ifunyanwa ingxelo yezinto ezindala, futhi i-LCOE izibuyise uma iqhosha lendawo liqhubi ngokubanzi. Ngoko ke, iphethenti yombuzo womphendulo yiliphetheli yendlawo engcono yesistimi.

Imithombo ye-LOCE / yendlawo

Ngenkamadoda zemfihlakalo, ukuba bafundisele i-LCOE esincinci kusistimi kufuna ukuhlawulwa okuncinci nge-DC side overallocation capability ukwenza lokhu, ngasemva sisona, ngokugcina le ndawo, ngokuphezulu le ndawo olungaphandle koluxolo olungaxhasi, kufuneka kulandelwe umphathiso womphendulo womphendulo wokuthiwe ukukhula ukusetyenziswa kwesicwangciso sokushintsha kwe-LCOE yesistimi.

04 Amagcinelo nokuhlola
Ngokwesobizo, iimodela zokugcina kwisebe sokubonisa nokuthi zihlukele ngendlela eyona yokuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa kweminyaka yephotovoltaic, kodwa ngalokho enhlangene ngenxa yalokho. Ukugcina kwisebe lokubonisa kuhlola phakathi komhlaba wosistimu, xa kunye nokugcina kwisebe lokuthi kuhlola phakathi komhlaba wesintsho sokuqinisekisa ukungena kanye nokuhlinza imali. Ngoko ke, kwiinkcathelo ezaziwe, kuyahlukaniswe ukuba kuzothelelwe isimo esethweni somgca wocwaninga olunomoya olukhoyo ngokwesobizo ngeenkcwadi zenqaku.